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After this, indentation test [ 1] was applied using a mechanical testing instrument with the use of a 0.5 mm diameter indenter (Autograph AG-X, Shimazu, Kyoto, Japan).
An Instron 5566 uniaxial testing system (Instron, Pfungstadt, Germany) equipped with a 10 kN load cell and a flat 10 mm diameter indenter fitting centered in the defect area was used.
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For instance, a cylindrical rod 1.3 mm in diameter indents 0.4 mm into the tissue under a relatively low pressure of 37.6 kPa (Wakabayashi and Suzuki 2013).
Each new sensor was conditioned then calibrated with a 10 mm-diameter indenter with an applied force of 15 N as described by the manufacturer's guidelines.
A 3 mm diameter hemispherical indenter was used to perform indentation tests at 0.2 mm/s to a depth of 3 mm at 27 standardized locations in 55 bony endplates of intact human lumbar vertebrae (L3 L5).
Thin sputtered films of binary (Ni Ti) and ternary (Ni Ti Hf and Ni Ti Cu) shape memory alloys have been subjected to nanoindentation over a range of temperature (up to 400 °C), using a small diameter spherical indenter.
It has been shown that the superficial meniscal layers are functionally homogeneous throughout the three distinct regions (anterior, central and posterior) using a 300 μm diameter spherical indenter tip, but the deep zone of the meniscus has yet to be mechanically characterized at this scale.
Aged specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine (Instron; model 8501) under deionized water bath at room temperature, with a 5 mm diameter ball indenter (stainless steel) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
The BFS tests were performed with a universal testing machine (Digimess MX5000) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, using a 4 mm diameter ball indenter, loading the specimens centrally.
For an indentation depth of 20% of an indenter diameter, the relationships between normalized indentation parameters and load depth data are characterized, and then numerical algorithm to estimate material elastic plastic curve is presented.
The microgel hardness was measured by a nano-indentation instrument with an indenter diameter of 150 nm.
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