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Vaginal malformations (aplasia, septum) and some cervical malformations could be diagnosed objectively mainly with inspection.
Some vaginal and some cervical malformations (aplasia, double cervices, longitudinal septa reaching to the external cervical os) can be diagnosed objectively by inspection.
Though asthma cannot be diagnosed objectively before the age of 5, in the Netherlands, it is a common practice to diagnose children with recurrent wheeze as being asthmatic.
The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence as involuntary leakage of urine that has been diagnosed objectively and is associated with additional hygienic and social problems [ 1].
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Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is considered an acquired condition that remains difficult to diagnose objectively.
Yet, pain remains notoriously difficult to visualize and diagnose objectively.
Table 1 Wells' criteria Clinical criteria Score Clinical signs or symptoms of DVT 3.0 PE is number one diagnosis or equally likely 3.0 Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute 1.5 Immobilization (at least 3 days) or surgery (previous 4 weeks) 1.5 Previous, objectively diagnosed PE or DVT 1.5 Haemoptysis 1.0 Malignancy (treatment current or within 6 months or palliative) 1.0 Total score ….
Cardinal symptoms were suggestive of gastroparesis, but this condition was not objectively diagnosed by gastric scintigraphy.
Main outcome measures First objectively diagnosed episodes of deep venous thrombosis of the leg or pulmonary embolism.
Both of these are objectively diagnosed using internationally accepted criteria (IHS criteria for headache and the Neuhauser for dizziness).
Several studies have shown that consistency between functional instability and objectively diagnosed mechanical instability doesn't exist [ 16].
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