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Central-composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the parameters of volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from food wastes and dewatered excess sludge in a semi-continuous process.
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Part of this biomass (excess sludge) is transported to digesters for bioenergy production and then dewatered, it is dewatered directly, often by using belt filters or decanter centrifuges before further handling, or it is dewatered by sludge mineralization beds.
Sludge ozonation to reduce excess sludge production may be economical in WWTP which have high sludge disposal costs and operational problems such as sludge foaming and bulking.
The conventional activated sludge process is increasingly receiving concerns for its high energy consumption and excess sludge production.
However, the low lipid content in activated sludge has hindered the application of biodiesel production from excess sludge.
Excess sludge containing 50 mM sucrose was fermented at 50 °C using endogenous bacteria in excess sludge, resulting in a high lactic acid production (8.45 g/L) and in an increased sludge reduction (38.2%).
Biosurfactants are produced by fermenting pure strains but not treating excess sludge.
For reducing the excess sludge, heat and alkaline treatment was reported as a feasible process.
The focus was on COD and nitrogen removal as well as excess sludge reduction.
The full-scale application of ozonation in excess sludge reduction is presented.
The excess sludge with the sludge concentration of Xw = Xr = Xu is removed from the system with a flow rate of Qw (m3/day).
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