He devised pain-free methods for introducing electrodes deep in an animal's cortex and in 1951 published a paper showing how he could display patterns of brain electrical activity on a television-like screen.
Our results were consistent with the study by Kino et al. [48] that also found no differences in functional difficulties across the RDC/TMD diagnostic groups using a newly devised pain-related 'Limitation of Daily Functions' for the TMD questionnaire.
At U.C.L.A., such palliative care — treatment devised to relieve pain and make patients more comfortable, particularly at the end of life — was essentially an afterthought until just a few years ago, when an internal task force recommended that the hospital add it to its many other specialties.
The model was compared for utility with the existing pain instrument devised by Fries et al. The Pain Scale is widely used as a secondarily derived tool using MDS data.
The Pain Scale devised by Fries et al 73 contains only two indicators, ie, pain frequency (J2a) and pain intensity (J2b) in an ordinal scale.
The Pain Scale devised by Fries et al 73 was validated against a standardized pain instrument, ie, the Visual Analog Scale, and has shown validity in detecting pain in intact to moderately cognitively impaired residents.
72 The Pain Scale devised by Fries et al uses two items from the MDS instrument, ie, item J2a for pain frequency and item J2b for pain intensity.
This extends the multidimensional model of pain assessment devised by Snow et al 32 which uses structural equation modelling to elucidate the relationships between pain components from the nociceptive stimulus and the external rater's pain assessment.
Professor Kotlikoff of Boston University has devised a "menu of pain" to lay out different ways of bridging the gap.
Suppose a rational plan were devised to abolish the pains and problems of old age: what might it be like and how would it be received?
We used a thematic framework approach to analyse the data and identified key themes and subthemes relevant to devising a new pain self-management course.
