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To identify the underlying sources of these performance differences, Spearman devised factor analysis, a statistical technique that examines patterns of individual differences in test scores.
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An author on rent controls, W. Dennis Keating, associate dean of urban affairs at Cleveland State University, said that whatever rules are devised, the factors are so complex that the best to be hoped for is only a "rough justice".
We then devised adapting factors, which were designed to correct for these confounders.
Factors influencing curricular implementation of the intervention were categorised under four broad headings (learner factors, faculty factors, curricular factors and learning environment factors) devised by the authors of the previous systematic review on this topic.
To better understand this, Plomp and colleagues devised a two-factor model that, besides an attenuation factor (A) represented in the audiogram, also incorporates a central distortion factor (D), which describes the additional burden of noise on the hard of hearing.
But applying the adjustment factor devised by the Energy Department, which takes into account not only energy content but also such considerations as scarcity of the fuel and production and distribution efficiency, yields far more impressive mileage figures: 256 m.p.g. in the city and 249 on the highway.
Actual numbers back that claim: A measurement called the Impact Factor (devised in the 1960s to quantify a journal's prestige by tallying citations of its articles) has landed The New England Journal firmly on top of the pile for years.
To capture the average state of health in a county we use both average life expectancy and the 'RSA risk factor' devised by the Federal (Social) Insurance Office (Bundesversicherungsamt - BVA).
IF is impact factor, devised by Eugene Garfield, is calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports.
Given that the categorisation of rheumatoid factor was devised to maximise the relation between rheumatoid factor and rheumatoid arthritis, the risk estimates based on these categories could be exaggerated and need to be replicated in another study.
An interview schedule was devised to identify factors influencing research reporting.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com