Along with the development of super-resolution imaging [1], particle acceleration [2], quantum optical information processing [3], and polarization-dependent optical data storage [4], surface plasmonic devices are widely applied in these regions by modulating the plasmon resonance in a subwavelength magnitude.
In order to improve the performance of the existing power systems, the flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices have been widely applied in the power systems [1].
Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) are widely applied to protect the low-voltage equipment against the surges from direct lightning strikes or the lightning-induced effect.
Sn-doped In2O3, so-called indium tin oxide (ITO), is widely applied in optoelectronic devices due to its high optical transparency in the visible range and high electric conductivity.
The well-known perovskite-based ferroelectric materials, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT), have been widely applied to solid-state devices.
Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) has been widely applied for various optoelectronic devices, such as flat-panel and liquid crystal displays [1], organic light-emitting diodes [2], and thin-film solar cells [3].
The optical, electrical, and other physicochemical properties [1 4] of ZnO nanomaterials can be tuned by changing its morphology, thus it has been widely applied in many promising devices such as optoelectronics [5, 6], field emission arrays [7, 8], sensors [9], light-emitting devices [10], solar cells [11, 12], and memory devices [13].
Pristine P3HT has been widely applied in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices but mostly in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices due to its low bandgap and especially its high absorption coefficient (order of 105 cm−1) in the visible [3, 5 10].
Modifications to the structure of the dye sensitizer in particular have been found to be the most widely applied method to improve device efficiencies.
Moreover, the novel strategy of preparation SnO2/YbF3 Eu3+ compact layer is an universal method to adjust rare-earth species to achieve up- or down-conversion functions, and the multifunctional compact layer can be widely applied in the photovoltaic device.
