Kaplan (1989a) claims that indexicals are devices of direct reference.
Such propositions — often referred to as Russellian propositions — are typically expressed by means of sentences involving names, pronouns, indexicals, or other devices of direct reference.
Our first challenge, then, is to explain how sentences like 'Ronald McDonald does not exist' are both meaningful and sometimes apparently true without abandoning the theses that absolutely everything exists and all names are devices of direct reference.
Perhaps, then, we should reject descriptivism and accept that ordinary proper names are devices of direct reference, that there are true genuinely singular negative existentials, and so that there are nonexistent objects.
More generally, cases like these put pressure on the claim that names always function as devices of reference.
In fact, even the specter of such disunity should push us to ask: in virtue of what, if not the mechanism by which they 'hook onto' objects in the world, might referential terms all count as devices of reference?
Device stability of both reference and modified devices measured in air (humidity: ~40 %, temperature: ~20 °C).
American received authorization last year to use the device instead of paper reference manuals.
The device consists of a reference chamber (R) and a microwave irradiation chamber (I), of 0.5 m3 volume each one, equipped with access doors.
This initial run of developer devices are reference units that will, with any luck, inspire some dyed-in-the-wool hardware players to take a chance on creating devices that can help push Atheer's wild-eyed vision forward.
