In fact, on a scale that measured locus of control, they scored more than two standard deviations away from the standardization group.
The numerical imbalance is eradicated by reformulating the governing matrix hyperbolic system of conservation laws in terms of deviations away from an unforced but separately specified equilibrium state.
If those days were really 25 standard deviations away, they would not be expected to come around in the lifetime of a billion universes.
"We now know something like an enstatite chondrite was the starting material for Mercury, which is surprising, because they are about 10 standard deviations away from all other chondrites," Grove says.
The standard deviation can provide a yardstick: If a data point is a few standard deviations away from the model being tested, this is strong evidence that the data point is not consistent with that model.
Deviations away from a compensation system structure with consistent percentage increases in compensation as an employee advances up the hierarchy seem to affect different groups of employees and have different effects on future firm performance.
This is a good test case because the hard disk equation of state over the range where the liquid transforms into the solid is particularly sensitive to small deviations away from the balance conditions.
The cost model, proposed by McWilliams, is used to determine the optimal design parameters the sample size, time between successive samples, and number of standard deviations away from the center line.
By that measure, Black Monday was what is referred to as a 25-sigma event, meaning it was 25 standard deviations away from the mean.
For each of these variables, a corresponding measure was constructed to calculate how many standard deviations away from the mean it fell.
As shown in Table 2, a value of 1.04 is more than three standard deviations away from the random average of 0.59 for ComboT CT-opt.
