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In this study, the standard deviation was lower in the observations by VOCAL, independently of the observer, side or moment.
The study was observer-blinded.
For the intra-observer variability, mean difference ± standard deviation was 0.09 ± 0.23 for ER and −0.25 ± 1.13 for gRE, with the coefficient of variation being 12% and 277 %, respectively.
In the inter-observer comparison, mean difference ± standard deviation was 0.03 ± 0.25 for ER and −0.85 ± 2.85 for gRE, with coefficients of variation of 14 % and 38%%.
After each trial, observers responded as to whether they thought the direction of deviation was upwards or downwards.
This marked high inter-observer deviation is avoided with the automated system.
Referring to Fig. 5, on the one hand the percentage of correct answers is a proper quantification of the efficiency of the application of the various reconstruction algorithms for low-contrast details identification, on the other hand the standard deviation is a good descriptor of inter-observer's variability of image quality evaluation.
Compared to plain radiographs, radiographic loosening scores were 3 times higher using this protocol, while intra-observer variability and standard deviation were much lower.
The standard deviation is the standard deviation.
Standard deviation is poorly understood.
The standard deviation is $13.592.
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