Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(4)
The mean of these 32 values was calculated together with the standard deviation to obtain an average score r for each student.
Equation 3 illustrates the calculation of the angle deviation to obtain the weight values, where θ β = cos - 1 2 255 2 + x γβ M, D 1, D 2 ⋅ x ' γβ M, D 1, D 2 2 ⋅ 255 2 + x γβ M, D 1, D 2 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 255 2 + x ' γβ M, D 1, D 2 2. these values range from 0 to 1 according to Figure 3b.
Each lab test was standardized using this mean and standard deviation to obtain a Z-score for each variable for each patient.
The total score for each item was then subtracted from the corresponding mean, and divided by its standard deviation to obtain standardized scores.
Similar(56)
It uses only negative deviations from the time-table, squares those deviations to obtain a semi-variance and takes the square root to get a standard deviation for the left-tail.
Signals were mean-subtracted and divided by their standard deviations to obtain comparable amplitude statistics.
For qPCR, we used the mean plus and minus three standard deviations to obtain cutoffs for R- and M-scores (+/-5.7 and +/-2.7 respectively).
The topography of polymeric fracture surfaces was obtained using atomic force microscopy, AFM, and the corresponding height profiles were processed using the variable bandwidth method (standard deviation criteria) to obtain the roughness exponent of the surfaces.
This method was paired with the image processing techniques, temporal speckle pattern interferometry (TSPI) and temporal standard deviation (TSTD), to obtain clear mode shapes of the thin plate and resonant frequencies.
To further increase robustness to noise, the resulting structure tensor J is blurred element-wise with a Gaussian filter G σ of standard deviation σ, to obtain J σ =G σ ∗J.
Note that z a is discarded from the procedure, since it has no meaning, after having discarded A a from the computation of averages and standard deviations used to obtain the z-scores.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com