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Regardless of the magnitude of deviation of the primary root axis from the gravity vector, the newly emerging lateral roots tended to keep a constant angle to the gravity vector.
We assumed that the standard deviation of timber volume, S h, would be unknown for the purposes of survey design and used the standard deviation of the primary stratification variable instead.
To examine consistency of DTI data among individual subjects in this study and difference in diffusion indices between separate brain structures within each subject, averaged values of DTI indices (axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and angular deviation of the primary eigenvector) were computed in 9 white matter structures in each brain.
The observed standard deviation of the primary outcome for the first 43 recruited participants, adjusted as for primary analysis, was 1.1 points.
The observed standard deviation of the primary outcome was 24 points compared with the 20 points we used for the power calculation.
This figure was calculated using the standard formula for means of superiority trials: n = [A + B] * 2 * SD/DIFF, where N = the number of patients required per arm, A the level of significance, B the power, SD the standard deviation of the primary outcome and DIFF the difference between the means.
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Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the effect of protocol deviations on the primary outcome.
The calculation results of the magnetically confined electron orbits emitted from filaments showed that longitudinal deviations of the primary electron distributions has been reduced from 27%to6%6% by the application of the symmetric magnet arrangements, so called the tent-shaped filter.
The geometric standard deviation (σg) of the primary particle size inside the flame remained below the value for a self-preserving distribution, indicating the significance of surface growth and/or sintering.
Under the assumption of a difference of one standard deviation in the primary endpoint among groups, an alpha level of 5%%, and a power goal of 80%%, 10 patients per group were determined to be necessary.
In some of these low intensity samples, Monte Carlo sampling leads to very large ensemble standard deviations of the estimated primary parameters.
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