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The standard deviation of noise is σ=35.
The standard deviation of noise is set to be 0.001. 1) Estimation accuracy test .
At the mean while, the standard deviation of noise must be pre-estimated.
where σ is the standard deviation of noise which is assumed to be known.
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs well when the standard deviation of noise is not very high.
Figures 10(a)–10(f) display the results for the noisy "Lena" image when the standard deviation of noise is 40.
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To be precise, let σ X be the variance of the overall coefficients in the subband, m 4,X be their fourth moment, and σ α be the standard deviation of noise-free coefficients in the band.
In this case, the estimated standard deviations of noise for "Orbit" and "Interview" sequences are 10.01 and 10.47, respectively.
The standard deviations of noise in the first tow IMFs are estimated by a robust estimator, and then the noise variances in other IMFs can be obtained after the variance relation among the IMFs decomposed from fGn is derived.
The wavelet transform, as well as the statistical methods including the standard deviation of current noise (σI) and noise resistance (Rn), has been employed to analyze the EN data of reinforcing steel in mortar.
K is a coefficient in the unit of Volt/dB, and σ is the standard deviation of the noise, presumably a white noise.
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