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Aberration, in optical systems, such as lenses and curved mirrors, the deviation of light rays through lenses, causing images of objects to be blurred.
That much is clear from the opening paragraph of his 1936 paper "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field," which was also published in Science.
This condition is generally met by natural waters—such as seawater where the angular deviation of light rays from their initial directions after a scattering event is usually very small and directed forwards.
Error bars in B are the standard deviation of light scattering values over the time course shown in A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03638.009 10.7554/eLiFigure38.01 figuree 1—figure supplement 7. Correction of kcat values between initial Princeton and UC Davis data sets.
When the left side is affected, a head rotation to the left away from the perceived neutral head position (inserted 'c' in figure 6A, B) results in a deviation of light cupulae in the ampullopetal direction (inserted 'd' in figure 6A) and heavy cupulae in the ampullofugal direction (inserted 'd' in figure 6B).
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If different experiments gave even slightly different results one would, in accordance with Poincaré's own criteria for changing scientific conventions, look for something in the circumstances that was responsible for the deviation of the light rays from straightness.
Although basic statistics implies that the standard deviation should grow with the square root of r, in [7] the standard deviation of the light intensity emitted during 454-sequencing is reported to be σ = k·r.
The standard deviation of the light intensity, as stated by the manufacturer, is 1.5%.
Deviations between computed values of light sharing and the theoretical approach, which assumes well-mixed canopies, were then studied in regard to the relative height of the component species (wheat/pea height, Fig. 4).
As expected from the previous analysis, no clear relationship could be established between the species height ratio and the deviations of estimated values of light interception at 300 DD.
Indeed, deviations between computed values of light interception and the theoretical approach were strongly related to the species relative height for wheat/pea ratios ranging from 1 to 2, whereas, for higher values, the effect of pea height on light sharing remained constant.
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