b Quantitative values (mean ± standard deviation) of group Low with less than 1.0 in 18F-FMISO SUV, group Medium with between 1.0 and 2.0 in 18F-FMISO SUV, and group High with more than 2 in 18F-FMISO SUV (**p < 0.01 with the multiple comparison test).
The cartilage repair assessment score (median ± standard deviation) of group A (9.5 ± 2.5) was significantly higher than that of group B (2.5 ± 1.3) (P < 0.05).
If the data have a normal distribution, and if the means and overall standard deviations of groups A and B are not statistically different, the grouping is statistically possible.
Effect sizes were calculated with Cohen d, defined as the difference between the means of two groups, divided by the pooled standard deviation of these groups.
†Difference between cases and controls divided by pooled standard deviation of two groups; standardised differences <0.1 indicate good balance between groups.
The mean antibody levels and the standard deviation of each groups are shown in Figure 3.
The ES (d) is the difference of the means divided by the mean standard deviation of the groups.
Results of CT scanning and torsional testing were expressed as the means ± standard deviation of tested groups.
Next, we calculated the standard deviation of both groups at each time point and used the paired t-test for statistical analysis.
