This time, a great number of scenarios (10,000 scenarios) for customer demands are created, and the average and standard deviation of costs for these three structures are compared and shown in Table 1.
The health economic analysis was performed using a non-parametric bootstrapping approach in which the progression of diabetes was simulated in 1,000 patients through the model 1,000 times to calculate the mean and standard deviation of costs, life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy using second order Monte Carlo simulation [ 37].
Mean and standard deviations of costs (c) and effectiveness (e) as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated [ 27].
Across the specialties, the standard deviation of episode costs assigned was much larger then the mean episode costs (e.g. among episodes assigned to cardiologists, $2,300 mean cost, $13,322 standard deviation) which is indicative of high variance.
Non reported analysis parcelling out administrative costs from each type of service shows a very high standard deviation of administrative costs too.
The mean and standard deviation of the costs of structures are compared, and the significant difference between them was proved.
The mean and standard deviation of annualized costs, in 1999 dollars, for individuals in this cohort was $2,780 and $6,008, respectively.
The key idea is to represent the expected value and standard deviation of the cost and process constraints using PSE-based functions.
The cost for paid substitution of domestic task was indexed for 2007 using price index figures for labor available online on Statistics Netherlands [ 31], after which the mean and standard deviation of this cost per year were calculated.
The work-related cost due to absenteeism was indexed for 2007 using price index figures for labor available online on Statistics Netherlands [ 31], after which the mean and the standard deviation of this cost per year were calculated.
The work-related cost due to presenteeism was also indexed for 2007 using price index figures for labor available online on Statistics Netherlands [ 31], after which the mean and the standard deviation of this cost per year were calculated.
