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For the 4D dose accumulation study, the average (± S.D.) absolute dose deviation (normalized by local doses) between the accumulated doses and the OSL measured doses was 3.0% (± 2.4%).
Observational uncertainty is calculated as one standard deviation normalized to average thickness expressed as a percentage (Figure 6A).
For the 4D dose accumulation study, the average (± standard deviation) absolute dose deviation (normalized by local doses) between the accumulated doses and the OSL measured doses was 3.3% (±2.7%).
Figure 5 shows the scintillation index S4, defined as standard deviation normalized to the mean value during 1-min intervals, for PRN3 (red) and PRN19 (blue) satellites recorded in Tucumán from 0 00 to 4 00 UT on February 2 , 2014
The relative standard deviation (rSD) (the standard deviation normalized to the reference volume) was calculated according to text{rSD}_{j}=frac{sqrt{frac{1}{N-1}sum_{i=0}^{N-1} left(V_{i,j}-bar{V_{j}}right)^{2}}}{V_{text{ref},j}}.
We can easily compute the pdf of the actual noise standard deviation, normalized by N 0, being the output of the function d = f ( r N t, N t ) = 1 r N t, N t : p D ( d ) = p R N t, N t f - 1 ( d ) f ′ ( f - 1 ( d ) ) = 2 d 3 exp - 1 d 2 (24).
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The standard deviation is normalized by, where is the standard deviation of a DOA estimation error that is uniformly distributed from null to null when is equal to (toward the broadside direction), and can be obtained by (27).
All data were log transformed, median centred per array, and the standard deviation was normalized to one per array[ 32].
> -wrap-foot> standardardeviationoNSDnormalizedized standard deviation, Lat lateral wall defect, EC effective contrast, Sep septal wall defect The dynamic time-activity curve of the bolus passage through the left ventricle is shown in Fig. 11.
The median and 5-95th centile range deviation of normalized intensity values was calculated for Down syndrome and control samples at each bin and for groups of bins within a specified range.
Results were considered significant at p < 0.05 and plotted error bars represent standard deviation of normalize Cq among triplicate technical replicates.
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