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The measured standard deviation in the log of the fatigue life was 0.105, which is greater than the value obtained for the 7050 alloy, but not significantly so.
Figure 2 presents the scatter diagram relating the deviation in the (log) employment to labor force rate and the deviation in the immigrant share to their respective skill group's mean after removing any year-specific effects that are common to all groups for a given year.
Model 4 = Model 3 + peak leg strength * Parameter estimates can be interpreted as differences in mean gait speed (m/sec) for each increment of one standard deviation in the log transformed HOMA-IR among men (or women).
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(For comparison across the entire EEG spectrum, estimates of the Cox regression coefficients reflect a change of one standard deviation in the log-power at each frequency).
Variables that were not normally distributed were log transformed; hazard ratios refer to 1 standard deviation (SD) in the log scale in these variables.
A one standard deviation increase in the (log) number of European IPOs decreases the proportion of VC investments, seed, early, and late stage deals, by 7.1 percentage points, as measured by sample average marginal effects.
The average likelihood for seed and early stage investments decreases by 5.3 percentage points for a one standard deviation change in the (log) number of IPOs, whereas a change of the same magnitude in R&D expenditures increases the likelihood of seed and early stage investments by 2.8 percentage points.
After the mean and standard deviation of the log ratios in the invariant set of each experiment were calculated, clones that have higher or lower log ratios than the mean +/- 2SD of the invariant set (upper bound and lower bound) were used to define gains and losses.
β0 j is the proportional effect on the baseline hazard function due to the j th trial, now j = 2,..., J. β1 is now interpreted as the mean log hazard ratio for a population of treatment effects, with b1 j the deviation of the log hazard ratio in the j th trial from the population mean.
Fig. 2 Volatility (standard deviation of the log returns) of different crops in different countries (data from 2000 to 2014).
The measure of price volatility used in the graphs below is the standard deviation of the log monthly price changes for the preceding 12 months.
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