As explained in the analytical strategy, the four health-related variables are included as a between-person component, the person-specific mean (m), and a within-person component, the deviation from the person-specific mean (d).
The OR for the within-person deviation from the person-specific mean for self-rated health (self-rated health (d) in Model III of Table 2) corresponds with the possibility that decreasing health conditions may lead to a decrease in giving.
In the hybrid approach each time-varying predictor variable is decomposed into a between-person component (included in the analyses as the person-specific mean, denoted with 'm') and a within-person component (included in the analyses as a deviation from the person-specific mean, with positive scores indicating a decline over time, denoted with 'd'd.
Since, however, Alu elements have mutated after insertion, there is considerable deviation from the consensus in the specific Alu sequences that are found across the genome.
The superior predictive power of ncIDP-assign translates into detection sensitivity of chemical shift deviations from the sequence-specific 'random-coil' values due to resonance misassignment.
This z-score construct is interpreted as units of standard deviations from the population-specific mean birth weight at each gestational age.
Here we expand the codon bias analysis to all of the manually annotated F element genes in four Drosophila species using two metrics: the Effective Number of Codons (Nc), which measures deviations from uniform codon usage (Wright 1990), and the CAI, which measures deviations from the species-specific optimal codon usage (Sharp and Li 1987).
The experimental perm-selectivity for all tested gases showed varied and contrasting deviation from the solution diffusion, depending on specific gas-IL combinations.
In Equation 3, b0 j is the random deviation from the mean intercept β0, specific for each centre.
Although structured sparse PCA techniques generate sparse PC loading vectors that reflect group structure, these methods cannot be easily used to compute the statistical association between variable groups and each PC in such a way that the variable groups can be ranked according to deviation from a specific null hypothesis, as is done in traditional gene set testing.
