However, deviation from optimal alignment persists in some cases, especially in the transverse plane (rotational alignment) [ 14- 17].
These ranges were established based on reported surgical precision for achieving targeted component alignment [ 10, 15, 16] and the magnitude of deviation from optimal alignment that has been associated with clinical and biomechanical complications [ 18, 20, 31- 34].
Results showed that performance was best when the endoscopic image was perfectly aligned with the actual task space (0° image orientation), but degraded progressively as a function of deviation from perfect alignment.
Application of external forces to the body (such as in a backpack) is commonly associated with postural deviation from close alignment with the gravitational axis.
At small deviations from the alignment, graphene on hBN undergoes an incommensurate to commensurate transition10.
Deviations from nominal alignment of unicondylar knee replacements impact knee biomechanics, including the load and stress distribution at the articular contact surfaces.
Therefore, we cannot exclude with certainty, that some participants had early cartilage or ligamentous changes or deviations from neutral alignment.
Relatively small deviations from anatomic alignment of a resurfacing hip component, should the central stem be inserted slightly inclined, result in marked localized increases in loading of the femoral neck under conditions approximating single-limb stance [ 8] because the stem is not designed to be load-bearing [ 3].
The ability to surgically achieve the target alignments was assessed in a previous study by the surgeon authors [ 15], reporting that median deviation for femoral component alignment was ≤ 1.8° in all planes, and median deviation from tibial component alignment was ≤ 1.3° in the frontal and sagittal planes and ≤ 6.0° in the transverse plane.
Some deviation from the vertical alignment with the lower QD was also found in the experimental APT data.
In contrast, for the mere organic/organic interface, a significant deviation from vacuum-level alignment (ΔΦ2P ≈ 0 eV) is observed only for the three −CN substituted systems.
