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It's boatbuilding jargon for the curvature in a hull, and Detroit has appropriated the expression to describe the deviation from the vertical in a side window.
The physical angle of deviation from the vertical at which the observer perceived a vertical descent was used to index the perceived illusion (in degrees).
We define θ as the inclination angle of the probe deviation from the vertical direction.
The results revealed that the column deviation from the vertical posture and tilting motions significantly alter the hydrodynamics prevailing in the packed bed operating in a concurrent upflow mode.
Boundary strikes with uncertainties larger than 20° or boundaries with deviation from the vertical larger than 20° were considered unreliable and rejected because they may not be related to two-dimensional structures.
The slope of the world line (deviation from being vertical) gives the relative velocity to the observer.
However, they did not evaluate any spinal deviation from the vertical line as was done in this study.
The traces that were used to quantify the root growth in Figure 3 were also used to generate data that show the direction and degree of deviation from the vertical of plants through about 8.5 days of growth.
The analytical process is displayed in Figure 2. It can be visually seen that the growth patterns of 8.5 day old ground control and flight plants differed, but those differences can be quantified and evaluated by assigning numerical values to both the absolute distance grown and the degree of deviation from the vertical.
Glucose insensitive gin2 mutant (defective in glucose signaling) as well as exogenous glucose application led to increased deviation from vertical suggesting that an optimal glucose signaling is absolutely required for proper gravitropism.
The gin2 mutant also showed a constitutive high deviation from vertical in terms of root direction, suggesting normal product of GIN2 is absolutely required for maintaining proper orientation of roots or buffers agravitropism.
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