Sentence examples for deviation from Maxwellian distribution from inspiring English sources

Then, the normalized electron and positron number densities are accordingly expressed as n e = 1 - ϕ κ e - 3 / 2 - κ e + 1 / 2, (6) n p = 1 + σ p ϕ κ p - 3 / 2 - κ p + 1 / 2, (7)in which κe,p is a spectral index and measures deviation from Maxwellian distribution, as the smaller values of κe,p denote the more suprathermal particles in the distribution function tail (and the harder energy spectrum).

This system will allow the study of the electron distribution function at low energies to reveal deviations from the Maxwellian distribution.

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) deviated from the Maxwellian distribution mainly in the energetic range below 5eVV.

Consequently, decrease of obliqueness, increase of ion number density, decrease of ion temperature and also deviation from Maxwellian behavior make the IA solitary structure more spiky.

In particular, the velocity distribution of particles deviates from the initial Maxwellian distribution to a shell or quasi-shell distribution shape.

The simulation was then started at 5 K, with the initial velocities adopted from a Maxwellian distribution, followed by heating from 5 to 300 K over 50 ps.

Deviation of the particle distribution function on the velocity grid from a Maxwellian distribution function – driven by ionization, charge exchange and wall loss – is allowed to be arbitrarily large.

In most cases the electrons are close enough to thermal equilibrium that their temperature is relatively well-defined, even when there is a significant deviation from a Maxwellian energy distribution function, for example, due to UV radiation, energetic particles, or strong electric fields.

However, astrophysical systems and space plasmas are observed to have particle distributions that depart from the Maxwellian distribution due to non-equilibrium stationary state.

Te calculated from the Maxwellian distribution for the standard deposition of TiN is rather high (Te=6 8 eV).

Velocity rescale [97] was applied for temperature coupling to a temperature bath of 310 K. Initial velocities were taken from a Maxwellian distribution at 310 K.