Growth flow is the sum of current earnings and spending on research and development, divided by the number of shares outstanding.
The cost of model development is assumed flat across all instances, so (c_{mathrm{Model}}) is the total cost of model development divided by the number of instances in the training data.
A generation is defined as an identifiable group that shares years, age, location, and significant life events at critical development stages, divided by five to seven years into the first wave, the core group, and the last wave.
Land development intensity zones were divided by lowest, very low, low, middle, high, very high and highest.
The company has begun increasing research and development spending: R&D expenditures divided by sales rose 10%, to $36 million, in the fourth quarter, versus the same quarter in the prior year.
When forests are divided by housing developments or logging, strips are sometimes left to allow animals to travel between remaining patches of habitat.
Episcopalians at a convention that already has been punctuated by fierce debate over the selection of the gay bishop-elect, V. Gene Robinson, and fears that it could fracture the denomination, seemed further divided by the development on the day that the debate was finally to be over.
Against the background of the Cold War, many Asian and African countries were caught between a polarised world that was divided by ideology, development was marginalised.
Secondly, in a separate modeling analysis we reorganized the model development set into two groups divided by age (≤50 years versus ≥61 years), irrespective of disease status.
Rates of first distant metastasis were calculated as number of events (development of first distant metastasis) divided by total risk time.
