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Next, we review evidence that song and cognitive ability both are affected by developmental stresses.
The link between song and male quality depends on the fact that brain structures underlying song learning largely develop during the first few months post-hatching and that during this same period, songbirds are likely to be subject to nutritional and other developmental stresses.
In summary, p53 is connected to the developmental gene network and is able to regulate the network during developmental stresses, suggesting that p53 may act as a surveillance system to ensure normal development.
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Wagner, J. T. & Podrabsky, J. E. Gene expression patterns that support novel developmental stress buffering in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus.
"We speculate that stress might cause these abnormalities in the first place – that speculation lies outside what we can show in our study, it is primarily based on the fact that this specific brain area is very sensitive to developmental stress.
There was some evidence that hand-reared birds were less neophobic and less impulsive than wild-caught birds, suggesting that hand rearing might alter emotionally mediated decision making in a direction usually associated with reduced developmental stress in mammals.
Developmental stress, song-learning, and cognition.
However, our results suggest that the learning of tutor song by females is robust to disturbance by developmental stress.
We manipulated brood size in zebra finches to simultaneously examine the effects of developmental stress on male song learning and female behavioral and neural response to song.
The parallel effects of developmental stress on song-learning and cognition provide a compelling explanation for an association between attributes of the song and cognitive ability.
We suggest that early developmental stress degrades song in many small ways, and that it is the cumulative effect of the resulting deficits that explains lower female response.
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