Learned features of song thus become reliable indicators of male quality, with reliability maintained by the developmental costs of song.
Washington's trade policy should address the disparity between U.S. drug prices and those overseas by requiring foreign companies to absorb more of the developmental costs of medicines produced by American companies.
Developmental costs of the intervention could be included but apportioned over a large number of people these would be minimal.
These data indicate that our measurements were sufficiently sensitive to detect developmental costs of defense metabolite production.
As the developmental costs of genomic tools decline, genomic approaches to non-model systems are becoming more feasible.
Similarly, considerable literature investigates the developmental costs of secondary sexual trait expression based primarily or solely on examination of adult individuals [ 12- 15].
Because Vitalum's goal was to examine the intervention's effectiveness, the developmental costs of the intervention are considered sunk costs and not included in the cost-effectiveness analysis.
As previously noted, the developmental costs of many e-health technological interventions necessitate the use of smaller pilot studies as part of iterative research in preparation of a randomised, controlled comparative effectiveness trial (RCT).
Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) made several estimates of developmental costs for thorium molten salt reactors, one of the last ones translating $2.5 billion 2008 dollars.
