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Taken together, these results support both the developmental constraint hypothesis limiting the divergence of early expressed developmentally important genes, leading to a gradient of divergence rates over ontogeny (embryonic < larval/pupal < adult), as well as Darwin's 'selection opportunity' hypothesis leading to increased divergence in adults, particularly in the case of reproductive tissues.
Taken together, our results support both developmental constraint acting to limit the divergence of early expressed, developmentally important genes [ 5, 8], as well as the notion that accelerated divergence in adults is primarily due to increased selection pressures occurring during this stage.
As development proceeds in both zebrafish and mice, the degree of developmental constraint steadily decreases.
As stated by Brigandt, "developmental constraint and morphological evolvability are two sides of one coin" (Brigandt 2007, p. 710).
If we fail to include a relevant rival, say, one that emphasizes developmental constraint, then we may not have found sufficient evidence for the adaptive hypothesis.
Lloyd's analysis supports Symons' (1979) proposal that the female orgasm exists because of a developmental constraint in combination with strong selection for the male orgasm.
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Moreover, their relatively small cost permits to rapidly implement a prototype design without major developmental constraints.
Organisms are often prevented from evolving into identical forms by developmental constraints and by the contingencies of their evolutionary history.
The debate over developmental constraints looked at developmental biology solely from the perspective of whether it could provide answers to evolutionary questions.
Under the assumption that strong developmental constraints occur during the phylotypic stage, they predict that genes conserved among vertebrates would be highly constrained during the phylotypic stage.
New work by de Winter and Oxnard rules out the possibility that developmental constraints are the sole explanation for mammalian brain evolution.
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