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The reciprocal design and a series of analytical and testing strategies proposed provide a standard procedure for genomic mapping of QTLs involved in the genetic control of complex seed development traits in flowering plants.
In this paper we conducted the largest genome-wide association study on seedling development traits in Brassica napus using a diversity set comprising 509 inbreds.
The objectives of our study were to (i) examine the expression levels of candidate genes in seedling leaves of B. napus and correlate these with seedling development as well as (ii) detect genome regions associated with gene expression levels and seedling development traits in B. napus by genome-wide association mapping.
The objectives of our study were to (i) examine the expression levels of candidate genes in seedling leaves of B.napus and correlate these with seedling development as well as (ii) identify genome regions associated with different gene expression levels and seedling development traits in B. napus.
Using the same approach, we also found that three members of the miRNA family ptc-MIR396, all members of which were found to have over-representation of target sites within the OPLS leaf genes, collocate to clusters of QTL for leaf development traits in both [ 9] and the additional experiments represented in the PopGenIE Browser.
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In contrast to the seedling development traits examined in our study, Honsdorf et al. [ 7] carried out an association analysis of phenological, morphological, and quality traits in 84 canola quality winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) and identified 86 putative QTLs for ten of 14 traits which explained, on average, 36.2% of the phenotypic variance.
This is in accordance with the findings of the seedling development traits which explained in a simultaneous fit, on average, 8.5% of the phenotypic variance for a single trait (Table 3).
Including development traits as a covariate in mapping reduced the number of QTL controlling this trait by eliminating the QTL r-stre3 on chromosome 4, which had been detected in experiment 1. Significant QTL for chlorosis parameters (r-chl) were only detected in experiment 1. r-chl1 on chromosome 4 was the strongest QTL explaining up to 29.3% of the trait variance.
By additionally viewing these genes in the PopGenIE Browser, we could also see that these regions of the genome contain QTL for leaf development associated traits in a number of QTL studies performed on this population.
The system, discovered in 1946, is characterized by a high degree of polymorphism (genetic variation), and thus studies of the Kell antigens have provided insight into the development of polymorphic traits in the context of human evolution.
The classical theory, according to Kitcher, explains the transmission of phenotypic traits, not the development of phenotypic traits in individual organisms.
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