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The development of the items was based on the structure of the control program based on Benda (2008).
Two teachers with graduate-level training in mathematics and with over 10 years of classroom experience in primary education helped on the development of the items.
The development of the items was, based on a thoroughly conducted conceptual work, previous items on alienation or related concepts, discussions with researchers with expertise on adolescent psychosocial health and six focus group interviews comprising 44 13- and 15-year-olds.
For this study, we focused on a careful development of the items to ensure content validity.
Construct validity was established by involving subject matter experts (middle and high school teachers) in the development of the items.
This information guided the quantitative phase which consisted in the development of the items (indicators of quality of care) for the second stage of the study.
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In order to document the development and refinement of each item in the NiSCI, an item-tracking matrix was developed including information about the development of the item, changes made following translatability assessment, changes following the first round of cognitive interviews, and the final version of items (Version 2) following the second round of interviews.
Patients with osteoarthritis in the knee were involved during the development of the item inventory of the index in order to assess clinical relevance [ 26].
JP participated in the design of the study, advised on development of the item pool, reviewed the statistical analysis, helped interpret the data and draft the manuscript.
An advantage of the present methodology relates to the potential use of participants own language in the development of the item wording for a new questionnaire.
After development of the item banks, the second stage involved another group of 133 patients completing the item banks (items determined after Rasch analysis) under a CAT version and by 'paper and pencil'.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com