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These results suggest that endogenous κ-opioid systems may be activated by chronic inflammatory nociception, and then the activation of κ-opioid system may inhibit DA release in nucleus accumbens, resulting in the suppression of the development of rewarding effects produced by morphine.
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Nevertheless, evidence is needed about the approach's efficiency in delivering conservation outcomes in the long term, its additionality, impact on the knowledge and attitudes of land managers and society at large, development of ways of rewarding the achievement of actual results, as well as its potential for stimulating innovative grassroots solutions.
These observations provide evidence that cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the NAc are involved in development of reward-related behaviors and they can potentiate the rewarding effects of morphine.
Increased motivational levels as a result of the precocious development of reward circuits due to enrichment may therefore contribute to the increased exploration observed in the enriched mouse pups.
Comparatively, our understanding of the development of reward processing through adolescence remains quite limited.
Understanding the value system of community nurses and how they respond to economic incentives/disincentives facilitates the development of reward systems more likely to be relevant and strategic.
(Handy, 1993, p29 30) Understanding the value system of community nurses and how they respond to economic incentives/disincentives facilitates the development of reward systems likely to be more relevant and strategic.
So at some point we've got to decide are we really serious about our international team or is it just an add-on?" Despite these frustrations, it is clear that Southgate's work as head of elite development was rewarding.
Currently, league tables – global league tables in particular – are one of the main factors skewing the development of universities reward and investment strategies.
Less is known about the development of subcortical reward systems, although fMRI studies have suggested that nucleus accumbens responses tend to be higher in adolescents than both children and adults, which may explain adolescents' likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors [14] [16].
Such considerations about value-based decision-making are also relevant for understanding the co-evolutionary development of energy rewards offered by plants to their pollinators.
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