The combined data thus provide proof of concept for the development of Raf-based anti-cancer vaccines.
Our findings suggest that the activation of ERK is necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of Raf-mediated cardiac hypertrophy.
AKS and GKS conceptualized the idea and supervised all the experiments; AKS, GKS, MN, RAF involved in development of RILs; RAF, BMB, AKY, NG performed phenotyping of RILs for Bakanae disease; RAF, RKE, KKV, AKS, GKS, PKB did the statistical analysis and formulated the manuscript; AKS, GKS, RKE, KKV, KVP and NKS revised the manuscript.
Analysis of the aberrant activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in a subset of melanomas with BRAF mutations coupled with the development of selective RAF inhibitors that target mutated BRAF protein has revolutionized therapy for patients with advanced-stage disease.
Based on the observation that Bmi1 is expressed in BXB11 induced tumors and the previously described role of Bmi1 in tumor stem cell self-renewal [14], [22], [23] we decided to further study the role of Bmi1 for the development of C-RAF BXB adenomas (Figure 2A).
More specifically, BRAF mutations have become a favoured target for the treatment of advanced HCC, because of the clinical development of the RAF-kinase inhibitor sorafenib that has found indication in the treatment of HCC in the United States, Europe, and Asia.
However, its expression during inner ear development and the participation of RAF kinases in AVG neurogenesis has not yet been explored.
As development proceeds, the activity of RAF kinases may be more directly related to differentiation and post-differentiation events, and accordingly they become more spatially restricted.
Here we describe the development of a C-Raf vaccine on the basis of an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium aroA strain.
The lethal phenotypes observed in either Raf-1-, A-Raf- or B-Raf-deficient mice sheds light on the essential role of Raf during development.
