Development of proxy measures and language translations are needed given the high prevalence of cognitively impaired patients with PUs.
This process can serve as a model for the development of proxy-reported outcomes scales in other pediatric populations.
Hence, the PROMIS pediatric project undertook the development of proxy item banks across several health domains (physical function, pain interference, fatigue, emotional distress, social peer relationships and asthma impact) for youth ages 5-17 years.
Therefore, through the development of robust proxies or indicators of extramedical opioid use, this study will yield a useful surveillance tool for public health authorities.
With the development of active proxy, the functions of a proxy have been enhanced beyond simply storing Web contents.
We therefore call for the development of further proxy records of water-table variability in peatlands to improve our understanding of peatland responses to climatic changes.
In order to assess if the change in the dynamic of spread was also reflected by more severe disease, especially among defined priority groups, factors associated with hospitalisation and the development of pneumonia as proxies for severity were analysed.
A number of proxies are under development, but some of the most promising (e.g. palaeoseawater records of Li and Nd isotope change) can only be employed on such large samples of mono-specific foraminifera that application to the deep sea sediment core archive becomes highly problematic.
The implementation of the SOLAR2000 is described, including the development of a new EUV proxy, E10.7, which has the same units as the commonly used F10.7.
Several studies describing important advancements and innovations in HRQoL, such as the development of the PROMIS pediatric proxy-item bank and guidelines for constructing patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments, were published in the HQLO journal in 2012 and 2013.
