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Applicants must be accepted for advanced training in both a foreign language and area or international studies OR accepted for research and training in the international aspects of professional (or other) fields of study which involve further development of language proficiency.
In the development of language proficiency scales, there are generally two categories of methods in use: intuitive methods and empirical methods (Fulcher 2003, p. 92).
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This level-defining approach can also be applied to other criteria, whereas decisions should be carefully made, with sufficient empirical data support and theoretical grounding, because the development sequence of language proficiency is still unclear (Alderson 2007).
The influence of the CEFR has been "widespread and deep, impacting on curricula, syllabuses, teaching materials, tests and assessment systems and the development of scales of language proficiency geared to the six main levels of the CEFR" (Alderson 2002, p. 8).
Given the complexity of language proficiency and how it develops in learners over time, the effort to distinguish different levels of language proficiency is not without problems.
Videsott, G. et al. Speaking in multiple languages: Neural correlates of language proficiency in multilingual word production.
Even claims of language proficiency aren't immune.
Furthermore, self-perceived language proficiency and the length of previous language study are effective alternative measures of language proficiency.
Standardized test score, self-perceived language proficiency, and the length of previous language study are all effective indicators of language proficiency, and these various indicators might be best employed together when investigating the relationships between language proficiency and academic success.
Measures of language proficiency are meant to be a meta language shared by language teachers, learners and assessors.
This finding indicates that each factor captured different aspects of language proficiency, and researchers should keep in mind that the different language proficiency indicators might be best employed together when exploring the relationships between language proficiency and academic success.
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