These findings provide data to inform the development of such consultation programs in general.
This article reports some central findings from the study and discusses how this led to the development of a consultation aid and how this aid differs from others in the literature.
To ensure a consistent standard of quality of review and function among ECs in Japan, researchers and policy makers need to consider the possibilities of a central IRB, the introduction of a system of registration for ECs, increased legal binding power for committee decisions and the further development of ethics consultation.
The country case studies present a more multifaceted picture in which UNICEF works more consistently with capacity building, policy development, processes of consultations and integration of programmes in local structures.
Nurse practitioners and practice nurses attended briefing sessions and were involved in the development of the group consultation service.
In countries where legalising physician-assisted death is being contemplated, the development of such a consultation provision could also be considered in order to safeguard the practice of euthanasia (as it can provide safeguards to adequate performance of euthanasia and assisted suicide).
Of the 145 product-specific questions, the most common phase of development at the time of consultation was Phase 3. Total numbers and percentages for each product development phase category across all 6 years were: preclinical: n = 16 (8%); Phase 1: n = 13 (7%); Phase 2: n = 20 (11%); Phase 3: n = 72 (38%); and Phase 4: n = 16 (8%).
Following regional ethics and research and development approval, a series of consultation workshops were held between January and December 2012, in a District General Hospital in Wales, United Kingdom, serving a mixture of urban and agricultural communities.
Nevertheless while most nurses in this study had undertaken extensive on-going education in chronic disease management, many expressed a desire for additional professional development in the area of consultation skills and, indeed, many were motivated to participate in the study for this reason, seeing their participation as a starting point for reflective learning.
