Exact(3)
A major contribution to the observed increasing crack growth resistance with crack advance is in the development of a crack bridging zone behind the crack tip.
This work explores the development of a crack driving force estimation procedure based on a strain-based version of the EPRI J estimation scheme coupled with the equivalent stress-strain relationship method (ESSRM) and a weld geometry simplification procedure.
The development of a crack hinge in the continuity support zone highlighted the better performance of beams under-reinforced on the top layer with GFRP bars compared to "equivalent" beams reinforced with steel, namely at the resistance level.
Similar(57)
This was followed, in style 2, by the development of a transverse crack at the end of this longitudinal crack.
Specifically, crack wake roughness will lead to impeded transport in the crack growth direction, this leads to the development of an irregular crack front due to environment enhanced crack extension occurring on the crack flanks where the transport distance is low and slow crack progression at the specimen center.
Formation of this crack was also noted by the authors who highlighted the development of a small crack at the beams midspan under its own weight.
Failures can occur in a progressive manner (at the end of a stable propagation of a critical shear crack) or in a sudden manner (by an unstable progression or development of a new crack).
Two modes of mass failure are modeled whereby the overhang generated by the removal of material from the dune foot (notching) slides downward or topples over following the development of a tensile crack some distance shoreward of the maximum notch depth.
The influence of this additional locked-in stress on development of an initiated crack is studied in this paper, and the work extended to consider how alternative materials which react differently to the thermal input may offer a means to suppress crack development through locking in beneficial rather than problematic stresses.
Repair of bone sufficiently damaged by the development of an enlarging crack may necessitate remodelling.
We also explain how these results can explain the development of a "mud-crack -like pattern.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com