Samples for observations of ontogenetic development, malformations, total length, and weight were taken on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, and 35.
Using morpholino-based knockdown approach, they demonstrated that the depletion of miR-204 resulted in a number of eye development malformations including eye cup impairment, small eyed embryos, impaired lens development, defect in lens epithelial cells patterning, misplacement and disorganization of primary fiber cells, lens herniation, and failure of optic fissure closure.
Mutations in the transcription factor GLI3, a downstream target of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, are responsible for the development of malformation syndromes such as Greig-cephalopolysyndactyly-syndrome (GCPS), or Pallister-Hall-syndrome (PHS).
In both datasets, we observed a significant enrichment for terms related to limb development and malformation phenotypes (Fig. 1D; supplementary material Table S2).
Our ChIP-seq datasets show strong correlation with ZPA -and AER-expressed genes, previously characterized functional ZPA and AER enhancers and enrichment for relevant biological terms related to limb development and malformation for the neighboring genes.
Limb development and malformation phenotype terms are also enriched when using only non-TSS peaks (supplementary material Fig. S2; Tables S1 and S2), showing that this enrichment is not due to promoter binding.
These factors may provide clues to genes and pathways underlying malformations of abnormal postmigrational development (formerly malformations of cortical organization) such as polymicrogyria.
These models can serve as diagnostic and predictive tools to explain human brain development and malformations associated with neurological disorders such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, schizophrenia, and autism.
Braunbeck et al. [17] reported that zebrafish eggs are capable to tolerate oxygen concentrations of 2 mg/L without the development of malformations.
The close proximity of the Ammer River lead-in may explain the extremely slow development and malformations of the embryos; thus as mentioned before, a series of organic contaminants were reported in this Neckar River tributary.
