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By long experience of the course of human society, the principle of development in culture has become so ingrained in our philosophy that ethnologists, of whatever school, hardly doubt but that, whether by progress or degradation, savagery and civilization are connected as lower and higher stages of one formation.
The ability to maintain embryo development in culture depends upon the ability of the embryo to maintain cellular homeostasis.
In contrast, human cortical neurons exhibited poor spine development in culture (data not shown), precluding their use for this study.
Interestingly we found that both FLP and FLPe had an 'off target' effect on blood stage development in culture, resulting in a reduced growth rate and/or arrest in parasite development.
Taken together, these results suggest that motor neuron development in culture proceeds down a different developmental pathway than in vivo development in the spinal cord, and that in vitro development leads to motor neurons that are much less dependent on expression of SMN for survival and function.
In order to test whether the oocyte phenotype of Prep1i/i mice correlates with the increased Hoxb4 mRNA translation, we micro-injected fertilized oocytes from super-ovulated females with either CMV-IRES-GFP or CMV-Hoxb4-IRES-GFP vector and examined their development in culture.
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Over the last decade there has been a rapid development in culture-independent techniques for exploring microbial communities, which have led to new insights into their structure and function in both natural environments and engineered systems.
PW1 is expressed in skeletal muscle throughout development, in cultures of both myogenic cell lines and primary cells as well as in the regenerating muscle [6], [11], [14].
To test this, we compared the effects of ARF6 activation on spine development in culture-matched wild-type and TLN knockout (TLN−/−) primary hippocampal neurons (Supplementary Figure S15).
In the presence of B27, a cocktail designed to promote neuron survival and development in cultures of normal nervous tissue, 30% of the cells within the spheres acquired the appearance of neuron-like cells with a rich neurite-like branching, and ß3-tubulin expression.
All three mAbs to CII penetrated the cartilage explants and CIIC1 and M2139, but not CIIF4, had adverse effects that included proteoglycan loss correlating with mAb penetration, the later development in cultures of an abnormal superficial cellular layer, and an increased proportion of empty chondrons.
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