The experimental finding that both ON and OFF inputs into the cortex are required for the development of orientation columns [86] has been considered strong evidence for a correlation-based origin of the orientation map [59].
Wolf, Geisel, Kaschube and coworkers [9, 23 25] have described a wide class of probabilistic models for the development of orientation preference maps.
Many models for the development of orientation maps have been put forward [5, 17 19]; they address such important issues as the role of self-organization, or of interactions between orientation and other parameters of the receptive profiles [14, 19 22].
Hence, the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the topographic map between LGN and visual cortex provides a possible mechanism for the development of orientation preference columns in primary visual cortex.
Further studies could also explore the effect of values clarification prior to engaging in an Adolescent Medicine rotation, as a way of 'priming' the learning experience and might inform the development of orientation materials for future trainees.
This decrease could account for poor circuit refinement [48] and as a consequence, for the disrupted development of orientation selectivity shown in Ethanol treated animals [9].
Phosphodiesterase inhibition by vinpocetine, however, was able to restore pCREB levels in these animals, thus providing the appropriate conditions for circuitry refinement driven by visual experience, which in turn could account for the normal development of orientation selectivity.
Now, existing models for the geometry and development of orientation preference maps in higher mammals make a crucial use of symmetry considerations.
Stevens, J.L., Law, J.S., Antolik, J. & Bednar, J.A. Mechanisms for stable, robust, and adaptive development of orientation maps in the primary visual cortex.
Moreover, Teneurin-3 is required for functional development of orientation-selective RGCs.
