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This study was designed to determine whether techniques purported to develop discrepancy actually do so and to compare methods of developing discrepancy on indices of intention to reduce alcohol use.
These strategies include asking open ended questions, reflective listening, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and eliciting change talk.
They should be able to apply the principles of motivational interviewing including developing discrepancy, avoiding argumentation, rolling with resistance, expressing empathy and supporting self efficacy.
These were collaboration, evocation, respect for choice and control, empathic listening, sharing information carefully, building confidence, reducing resistance and developing discrepancy.
Motivational interviewing is an approach that can be described by its four basic principles: expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and supporting self-efficacy [ 34- 36].
However, underpinning each session were the basic principles of MI, including expressing empathy, rolling with resistance, supporting self-efficacy and developing discrepancy.
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Various MI activities and communication skills (rolling with resistance, expressing empathy, developing discrepancies between current and desired behaviour, supporting self-efficacy), were incorporated into the consultation protocols (as described in Table 3) with the aim of assessing motivation levels, encouraging change talk and enhancing intrinsic motivation to change [ 25].
Personalized normative feedback was designed to develop discrepancy based on behavioral comparisons of self and others.
Personal strivings assessment was designed to develop discrepancy between current and ideal self.
It was hypothesized that participants who engage in discrepancy building activities would experience discrepancy specific to the activity in which they engaged, and that all participants who developed discrepancy would show higher levels of intention to reduce alcohol use.
The guiding session will be based on the principles within Motivational Interviewing; express empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance and support self-efficacy [ 21].
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