We developed causation search filters for EMBASE that provide for highly sensitive, highly specific, and highly accurate searches in EMBASE for high quality studies concerning etiology.
Search strategies are useful tools and have been developed for causation studies as well as for studies in other categories (e.g., treatment) for MEDLINE [ 19, 20].
Candidate search strategies were developed for causation, then run in a subset of 55 EMBASE journals, the retrievals being compared with the hand search data.
Finally, genetic epidemiology includes the consideration of the biological basis of the diseases into developing models of causation for diseases.
Cancer registry data may serve as the basis for epidemiological studies of cancer causation in developing countries or identify patients with cancer for other forms of cancer research.
A number of attempts have been developed to analyze causation in terms of such probabilistic counterfactuals.
The report uses the widely accepted "Swiss cheese" model of accident causation, developed by the aptly named James Reason, to show that safety incidents happen when "holes" in the various layers of an organization's safety system align.
For instance, the "difference-making" account of causation developed by James Woodward implies that generic properties can often eclipse their more specific realizations as causes (Woodward 2005), as does the view that causation is a relatively macroscopic phenomenon whose temporal asymmetry is analogous to the temporal asymmetries of thermodynamics (Loewer 2007; Papineau 2013).
These practices are derived from early theories of accident causation developed by H.W. Heinrich in the nineteen thirties [ 1].
A recent change in New Zealand veteran legislation, the Veteran Support Act 2014, has brought more objectivity to the decision-making process by adopting the Australian 'Statements of Principle', an evidence base for causation developed by the Australian Repatriation Medical Authority.
