Exact(8)
When there were uncertainties, we contacted the original developer of the scale for clarification.
LAJH: developer of the scale, involved in the collection of the language versions, and in writing of the paper.
The items retained were those with higher factor loading in previous studies, and were recommended by the developer of the scale (GW, personal communication).
This is a complex process that needs expert experience, which can be offered from the authors of this publication or from the developer of the scale (LAJH).
Sporadic information about translations into other than the two first languages received by the developer of the scale (first author LAJH) led to the need to gather more complete information about the translation process from all key persons involved.
The frequency of reported behaviors was obtained using a self-reporting Likert scale with a five-point response format, "never, rarely, sometimes, usually, always", with the rating score ranging from 1 to 5. In this study, the AHP scale was converted to a simplified Chinese version, then two linguists and Mei-Yen Chen, the developer of the scale, verified the accuracy of translation.
Similar(52)
The observed convenience in this study makes HADS an easy to use and time saving tool that could be used by non-psychiatric nurses and physicians alike in line with the aim of the developers of the scale [5], [17].
While the developers of the scale report a two factor model, other researchers [4] [6] seriously contest this and come up commonly with three factors [26] [28], and even up to four [9] and five factors [29].
The sub-scales were scored as recommended by the developers of the scale; and only the EE sub-scale data are reported in this paper.
However, this dichotomization has been found to be valid by the developers of the scale [ 18] and has been used in several other studies [ 20, 26, 27].
However, the developers of the scale [ 1], acknowledged that MSBS to be a potentially foundational tool for the study of both state boredom and boredom proneness.
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