In the discussion, we address crucial points stemming from the learning process of creativity among engineering students in higher education where the challenge is to develop one's creative potential.
Only a quarter were deemed proficient, defined as "using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one's goals and to develop one's knowledge and potential".
The study released Wednesday defined literacy as "using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential". It also introduced a new term, "midlevel" literacy, to the debate.
The literacy outcomes measure "the ability of individuals to understand, evaluate, use and engagex with written texts in order to participate in society, achieve one's goals, and develop one's knowledge and potential" (OECD 2016, p.
In this paper, we concentrate on literacy, defined as " understanding, evaluating, using and engaging with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential" (PIAAC Literacy Expert Group 2009).
For each of these assessments, the construct of "literacy" was broadly conceived, being defined as: "Using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential" (Kirsch 2001).
In PIAAC, literacy is defined as the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential.
Literacy is defined as "the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential" (OECD 2013a).
The domains, described in more detail in OECD (2013), refer to key information-processing competencies and are defined as: Literacy: Ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential.
The PISA test for English (i.e., inner circle, native speakers, thus first language) reading literacy measures "an individual's capacity to understand, use and reflect on and engage with written texts, in order to achieve one's goals, to develop one's knowledge and potential and to participate in society" (OECD 2009, p. 14).
The Cognitive Skills are Literacy and Numeracy.16 They are defined as follows (OECD 2013b; Chapter 2): The ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential.
