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As a result, it is essential to investigate and develop mutation operators guided by preferences.
The 12S rRNA region was found to be the least susceptible to mutation of all the non-coding regions (n = 1 variant within 953 bp: Additional file 5: Table S2) whilst the origin of light strand replication (1 variant within 77 bp) was the region most likely to develop mutation (12.38X greater than for the 12S rRNA region) (Additional file 5: Table S3).
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Basal cell carcinomas develop mutations in a protein on the Hedgehog pathway to evade a common drug therapy.
Antimicrobial resistance, by which organisms develop mutations that render antibiotic drugs ineffective, has been called a looming "apocalypse" by England's chief medical officer, Dame Sally Davies.
Scientists suspect that the diaphragm evolved through some change in the way mammal embryos develop: Mutations caused certain embryonic cells to grow into an entirely new muscle.
Some forms (genotypes) of the parasite will already contain or will develop mutations that increase the speed and proficiency of this process.
Some tumor cells develop mutations in the p53 gene itself, but others inactivate the p53 protein indirectly: they sabotage a second gene whose product, called p14, is required by the cell to keep the p53 protein in active state.
However, growing B-cells have a tendency to develop mutations that maintain BCL6; the end result is that B-cells grow out of control and transform into lymphomas.
When antibiotics are used in farm animals as growth enhancers or when antibiotics are prescribed too often or incorrectly for humans, bacteria develop mutations to protect themselves.
Some cancers develop mutations that serve the purpose of increasing the influence of insulin on the cell; others take advantage of the elevated insulin levels that are common to metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
However, almost universally viruses develop mutations that allow escape from neutralization suggesting protein function may not be dependent on the observed conservation.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com