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Many develop dengue shock syndrome or a hemorrhagic fever that leaves them vomiting and, often, bleeding from the nose, mouth, or skin.
While dengue infection often causes mild to high fever and lasts only a week or so, some patients develop dengue haemorrhagic fever, which is far more serious and kills about 22,000 people a year, many of them children.
It has been estimated that worldwide, about 100 million individuals annually develop dengue fever, including about 250,000 with hemorrhagic dengue fever [1].
Some patients develop dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes an enlarged liver, high fever, bleeding from the nose, mouth, and gums, and sometimes death.
Most of the more than 50 million people sickened by dengue virus each year develop dengue fever, a weeklong bout of joint and muscle pain.
Although it still doesn't explain how infants sometimes develop dengue hemorrhagic fever the first time they're infected, he says, it "underscores that T cells could be just as important as antibodies" when ordinary cases of dengue fever turn ugly.
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While vaccines for other flaviviruses such as yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis have been developed, dengue vaccine development is complicated by the need to incorporate all 4 virus serotypes into a single preparation.
Epidemiological studies [36] support the hypothesis that recovered0 people can be re-infected with a different serotype, and face an increased risk of developing Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome.
Human challenges with dengue date back a century, but the last intentional infections of volunteers took place at WRAIR in 2001, and a few of the participants developed dengue fever.
Infection with one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) presumableadsads to lifelong immunity against the infecting serotype but not against heterotypic reinfection, resulting in a greater risk of developing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome (DHF/DSS) during secondary infection.
Workers actively involved in developing dengue vaccines may benefit from lessons learned in the FIPV model.
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