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ALDH itself also contributes to chemoresistance – it functions as a detoxification enzyme for chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide [38].
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Ces enzymes belong to the serine hydrolase superfamily and have collectively been implicated as both liver triacylglycerol hydrolases and detoxification enzymes for carboxylester xenobiotics.
For detoxification enzyme inhibitors, synergism ratio's (SR50 and SR95) were obtained by calculating the ratio between the LC50 (or LD50) and LC95 (or LD95) of each insecticide with and without each enzyme inhibitor.
Among the differentially expressed contigs, 29 coded for major detoxification enzyme families or potential new players in detoxification (see above and [ 36]).
Additionally, some of these substances contain chemical compounds, which are substrates for the detoxification enzyme NAD(P H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), a flavoenzyme that detoxifies benzene metabolites, quinones, and other topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Eighteen candidate genes coding for three metabolic detoxification enzyme families, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and carboxyl/cholinesterases were selected and gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
We thus confirmed a significant difference of expression for ALDH1A1, a detoxification enzyme that participates in the metabolism of catecholamines and plays a key role in the protection of the nigrostriatal DA neurons [ 60], for PSMC4, involved in the ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway and for HSPA8 (Fig. 2b).
Consistency was found between toxicity tests and detoxification enzyme activity.
Within species, results are organized by major detoxification enzyme classes.
Prolyl-4-hydrolase beta is a detoxification enzyme.
Within populations, results are organized by major detoxification enzyme class.
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