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Approaches that exist in the literature to quantify the flexibility for a given design involve the deterministic measures, such as the resilience index (RI), the flexibility index, and the stochastic measures––such as the design reliability.
RAPID uses corrective deterministic measures to ensure a constant delivery of messages, regardless of the underlying topology.
Consequently, this practice exhibits the drawback as all the resulting limits are inflexible outcomes, in which there is no mechanism for adjusting the deterministic measures as a function of the probability or consequence of the contingency occurring [1].
Deterministic measures only signify that either the system meets or does not meet the given criteria, but do not make any guiding information available on the likelihood of the system to meet the criteria.
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We show that, as N →∞, the empirical measure process associated to the system converges in distribution to a deterministic measure-valued process whose densities solve a free boundary integro-differential equation.
For the illustration purpose, both Figure 9(b) and (c) are presented in 2D. Figure 9 Interpretation of resulting uncertainty in proximity analysis; (a) Deterministic proximity measure; (b) Proximity measure incorporating uncertainty in pipe location; (c) Proximity measure incorporating uncertainty in pipe location and bucket movement.
Both probabilistic and deterministic PR measures are calculated using a software tool that implements the proposed approach and can be used to quantitatively compare proliferation resistant characteristics of different scenarios for a given NES, according to the computed PR measures.
Many probabilistic and deterministic skill measures applied to the raw hindcasts underestimate the potential skill.
Figure 9(a) illustrates a deterministic proximity measure that is the closest distance between an underground utility and the digging implement, e.g. the excavator bucket, assuming both the utility pipe and the excavator bucket are at their "true" locations with no positional uncertainty.
Consequently, most deterministic and probabilistic measures underestimate potential skill and idealized model experiments underestimate predictability.
A wrapper (deterministic or randomised) measures the predictive power of a feature subset by using a classification model which a repetitive selection scheme is wrapped around [ 18, 19].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com