The enhanced two-stage selection (ETSS) is a procedure that takes into account not only the variance of samples but also the difference between sample means when determining the sample sizes.
Here, we report a computational method, tomoThickness, based on the Beer Lambert law, to simultaneously determine the sample thickness, tilt and electron inelastic mean free path by solving an overdetermined nonlinear least square optimization problem utilizing the strong constraints of tilt relationships.
For each combination of group (T for treatment and C for control group) and phase (for phases 0, 1,..., K), a single value for the endpoint y and value(s) the predictor x (which may be of dimension greater than 1) are determined by e.g. computing the sample means.
Fluctuation is determined by subtracting the value of the expression of a miRNA in a given sample from the mean expression of that miRNA for all samples; the overall mean of the expression of all miRNAs in all samples can be subtracted from the sample means to determine the fluctuation of a sample mean.
Genetic variation within samples was assessed by determining the mean number of alleles per locus (A), the mean expected heterozygosity (H) (Nei 1987) and the mean variance of absolute allelic size (V).
We assessed the predictive value of genes by calculating the median levels of expression for that gene in the known inflammatory and anti-inflammatory samples and then determining the mean expression level for the gene between the two classes.
For those compounds exhibiting significant difference in the one-way ANOVA, Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test was applied to determine which sample means differed significantly (p < 0.05).
The Student's t-test was applied to determine the differences between sample means obtained from at least three experiments.
A probabilistic fatigue analysis was applied using Monte Carlo sampling to determine the statistics (mean and standard deviation) of the fatigue life prediction and was compared to fretting fatigue test data.
For each genotype we determined the mean BRD in the original sample (Table 2): C/C mean = 6.2±0.8 f; C/T mean = 9.1±2.4 f; and T/T mean = 10.5±2.7 f.
The Rayleigh test [ 30] was employed to determine whether the sample of 22 mean directions (5 angles per individual; N = 22) differed significantly from random with respect to the mouse's trail (that is, the line between Ix,y and Sx,y).
