Sentence examples for determining the duplication from inspiring English sources
Growth rate was calculated by determining the duplication time [45].
Firstly, by determining the duplication timing through phylogenetics, and secondly by investigating the SCD gene loci in available tetrapod genomes representing various lineages.
We determined the duplication size and parental origin for 14 int dup(15) subjects: 10 maternal and 4 paternal cases.
First, we determined the duplication pattern (pre or post vertebrate radiation) of the gene families in close proximity to the human CYP19.
Comparative array genome hybridization was used to determine the duplication size and boundaries while the methylation status of the maternally methylated small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N gene was used to determine the parent of origin of the duplication.
To determine the duplication contents, we scanned every 500-bp window in the region by Blat (UCSC genome Browser) and plotted segments that have more than 90% sequence homology (> 100-bp) with other windows.
We found 12 groups of unlinked Fugu-specific CTLDcp paralogues (Table 1), and attempted to determine the duplication dates using two approaches: (1) based on the estimation of the number of synonymous nucleotide substitutions (Ks) in the coding sequences and (2) based on the molecular clock hypothesis.
The second element of the strategy is a search among candidate species trees, determining the minimum duplication score for each species tree relative to one or more gene trees that are assumed to be known [ 9, 10, 12, 33- 37].
The analysis of the orthologous and paralogous relationships has allowed determining the existing duplications.
Both methods for determining the mechanism of duplication yielded similar results, and only the results from the first method are presented.
The main differences among models rely in which part of the gene is involved (coding or non-coding sequences) and in the relative role of natural selection and genetic drift in determining the outcome of duplication.
