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The surface charge of NPs plays an important role in their toxicity, because it largely determines the interactions of NPs with biological systems [80, 81].
One such route is the existence of a (social, spatial, geographical) structure that determines the interactions among individuals in the population [4], [5].
Prominent among the several mechanisms proposed to explain how cooperation can emerge is the existence of a population structure that determines the interactions among individuals.
The spacing between the cis elements determines the interactions between DBTFs that bind to those elements.
For example, Ma et al. developed a novel method called Dnase Hi-C that determines the interactions of lincRNA promoters with DNA enhancer regions [ 45].
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Sea ice determines the interaction between marine and terrestrial species, influences ocean productivity, and affects local weather.
The hydrophobic effect determines the interaction between hydrocarbons and water (or lack thereof).
Size is another important parameter that determines the interaction with organisms.
The presence of sulfate and carboxylic groups in GAG structure determines the interaction through electrostatic interactions [ 1].
The surface properties of biomaterials determine the interactions between biomedical devices and the surrounding biological environment.
Response surface plots and the contour plots obtained from the model are applied to determine the interactions of experimental variables.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com