Thirdly, determining the expected value of risk transfer for construction cost overruns and user demand shortfalls requires considerable judgment.
The second strategy is concerned with determining the expected value of the noisy fitness samples on the basis of their distribution, instead of their conventional averaging, as the fitness measure of the trial solutions.
The research introduces a method for a holistic economic assessment of technologies based on two models: while the cost model applies the LCC and net present value approach for a dynamic cost accounting, the uncertainty model quantifies the risk to determine the expected value and deviation of a technology.
Null model: The description of the nullmodel leaves unclear whether the connectance and degree are fixed exactly or just determine the expected value probabilistically.
Once the mutation change d k for the replication parameter is specified, the trade-off relation (3) d e = - a · d k determines the expected value of the mutation change in replicase activity, d e. a is the trade-off parameter – the larger it is, the more severe the trade-off between replicase activity and reproduction rate.
Hence, the average contention window size is determined by the expected value of random variable X, and thus we have.
The ergodic capacity is determined by the expected value of the instantaneous mutual information between the source and destination, which could be expressed in a second-order approximation as [26] C erg ≈ log 2 e 2 ln 1 + E − E γ 2 − E 2 2 1 + E 2. (32..
Instead, in cases of perfect heritability, the direction of evolution is determined by the expected value of individual fitness divided by mean population fitness (w w ¯ ), conditional on the population not going extinct.
At each t, first, the position (x i t, column i of X t ) of node i was determined as the expected value of the posterior probability of x i t given the observed variables, P(x i t | X o ).
