This information can be used to determine penetration pathways in the skin.
Foliar uptake of orthophosphoric acid radio-labelled with [32P] was used to determine penetration characteristics of phosphorous acid as affected by the adjuvants tested.
Undisturbed cores, equilibrated in the laboratory at a range of water contents, were used to determine penetration resistance (PR) as a function of matric potential.
An alternative method, based on variation of the excessive energy (Ee) versus impact energy (Ei), is presented to determine penetration threshold (Pn).
Atomistic computer models suggested that the presence of structural barriers in the grain boundary plane was an important factor in determining penetration speeds.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine penetration depth of various spices (paprika powder, black pepper and oregano) as a function of water activity under infrared processing conditions.
Existing investigations determining penetration depths are related to a very small range of flow rates and therefore show an underestimation of the penetration depth being applied to the casing flow of impulse turbines, which are generally operated at higher flow rates.
The results show that the charge of initial NPs determines penetration into cells.
The correlation coefficient determined for penetration rate predicted by the ANN was 0.94.
Since we are not performing rigorous radiative transfer calculations at this time, we would have had to have arbitrarily determined the penetration depth of photons for each latitude.
The variables determined were: penetration rate, mean number of spermatozoa per oocyte, male pronucleus formation rate, monospermy rate, cleavage rate after 48 h of fertilization, blastocyst rate, and mean number of nuclei per blastocyst.
