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In all cross-validation approaches, data sets were divided into an estimation set (ES) that was used to estimate marker effects, and a test set (TS), in which the predictive ability (Pearson correlation rMP) between observed BLUEs and the genotypic values predicted based on the determined marker effects was calculated to provide a measure of the accuracy of prediction [ 11].
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We therefore determined markers offibrinolytic activity, fibrin turnover and inflammation in LMWH treated patients with acute coronary artery disease.
In parallel with our observations on age-dependent functional decline, we determined markers of metabolic and mitochondrial function in JK1107 C. elegans.
Maximum Youden indices were used to determine marker thresholds able to produce the best overall diagnostic information.
The Py-GC/MS study of 2KSBPU, 2KWBPU, 1KWBPU and FPU reference samples pointed out very different compositions for equivalent products and allowed determining marker compounds reliable for the identification of specific PU systems.
Similar to the ripple command that is used to determine marker order, a sliding window analysis also reveals the reliability of the marker order, by comparing the likelihood of the most likely marker order with alternative orders (flips test).
MapMaker 3.0 was further used to determine marker order and distances.
In situ β-galactosidase (pH 7.0) assay was carried out to determine marker protein expression during early colony formation.
In addition, the visualization of specific lipid distributions in insects can help to determine "marker" substances for specific organs [ 15– 17].
Similarly, transcriptional profiling is a powerful technique to determine marker genes that characterize and distinguish a particular cell type.
Techniques used to determine marker expression, antibodies and scoring systems used for immunostaining vary widely between studies.
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